Global Abortion Policies Database
A tool to expand knowledge, encourage transparency, and promote accountability.
| Country or Region | |
|---|---|
Thailand |
Gestational limit: 12
Read more WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. This legal ground recognizes a woman’s free choice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.6.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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| Country | Economic or social reasons |
Foetal impairment |
Rape |
Incest |
Intellectual or cognitive disability of the woman |
Mental health |
Physical health |
Health |
Life |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
Economic or social reasonsNo Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.5.
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WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information; health protection or social reasons can be interpreted to include distress of the pregnant woman caused by the diagnosis of fetal impairment. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
Additional notesThe 2021 Amendment states that abortions are not punishable if a woman confirms to a medical practitioner that she is pregnant due an offence listed under the “Offences against Sex” chapter of the Penal Code. |
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
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Intellectual or cognitive disability of the womanNo Related documents: |
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The scope of mental health includes psychological distress or mental suffering caused by, for example, coerced or forced sexual acts and diagnosis of severe fetal impairment. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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Physical healthYes WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Physical health is widely understood to include conditions that aggravate pregnancy and those aggravated by pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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HealthNo WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The fulfillment of human rights requires that women can access safe abortion when it is indicated to protect their health. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
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WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The human right to life requires protection by law, including when pregnancy is life-threatening or a pregnant woman’s life is otherwise endangered. Both medical and social conditions can constitute life-threatening conditions. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.1.
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Other |
| Country | Authorization of health professional(s) |
Authorization in specially licensed facilities only |
Judicial authorization for minors |
Judicial authorization in cases of rape |
Police report required in case of rape |
Parental consent required for minors |
Spousal consent |
Ultrasound images or listen to foetal heartbeat required |
Compulsory counselling |
Compulsory waiting period |
Mandatory HIV screening test |
Other mandatory STI screening tests |
Prohibition of sex-selective abortion |
Restrictions on information provided to the public |
Restrictions on methods to detect sex of the foetus |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
Authorization of health professional(s)Yes Number and cadre of health-care professional authorizations required
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by hospital authorities may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
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Authorization in specially licensed facilities onlyNo Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Restrictions on the range of providers or facilities that are authorized to provide abortion reduce the availability of services and their equitable geographic distribution. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.4.
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Judicial authorization for minorsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.
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Judicial authorization in cases of rapeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Police report required in case of rapeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Parental consent required for minorsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by parents may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights also exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Spousal consentNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by a spouse may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
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Ultrasound images or listen to foetal heartbeat requiredNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Regulatory, policy and programmatic barriers, one example of which is the requirement for mandatory ultrasound prior to abortion, that hinder access to and timely provision of safe abortion care should be removed. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 7 - Recommendation.
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Compulsory counsellingNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Many women have made a decision to have an abortion before seeking care, and this decision should be respected without subjecting a woman to mandatory counselling. Provision of counselling to women who desire it should be voluntary, confidential, non-directive and by a trained person. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.1.8.1.
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Compulsory waiting periodNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should consider eliminating waiting periods that are not medically required, and expanding services to serve all eligible women promptly. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.6.
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Mandatory HIV screening testNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Other mandatory STI screening testsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Prohibition of sex-selective abortionNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. In situations where abortion is restricted for sex selection purposes, terminating a pregnancy for this reason is likely to involve an unsafe procedure carrying high risks. Any policies or guidelines on the use of technology in obstetric and fetal medicine should take into account the need to ensure women’s access to safe abortion and other services - efforts to manage or limit sex selection should also not hamper or limit access to safe abortion services. Preventing gender-biased sex selection: an interagency statement, p 10 - Recommendation.
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No data
Restrictions on information provided to the publicNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should refrain from limiting access to means of maintaining sexual and reproductive health, including censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting health-related information. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.7.
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No data
Restrictions on methods to detect sex of the foetusNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
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OtherBetween 12 weeks and 20 weeks, an examination and alternative counselling from medical practitioners is required. These should be in line with the rules and procedures prescribed by the Minister of Public Health, and instructions of the Medical Council and related agencies as required by the law on the prevention and resolution of pregnancy problems in adolescence. Related documents: |
| Country | National guidelines for induced abortion |
Methods allowed |
Country recognized approval (mifepristone / mife-misoprostol) |
Country recognized approval (misoprostol) |
Where can abortion services be provided |
National guidelines for post-abortion care |
Where can post abortion care services be provided |
Contraception included in post-abortion care |
Insurance to offset end user costs |
Who can provide abortion services |
Extra facility/provider requirements for delivery of abortion services |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
National guidelines for induced abortionYes, guidelines issued by the government Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Methods allowedVacuum aspirationYes Dilatation and evacuationYes Combination mifepristone-misoprostolYes Misoprostol onlyYes Other (where provided)WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Vacuum aspiration is the recommended technique of surgical abortion for pregnancies of up to 12 to 14 weeks of gestation. The procedure should not be routinely completed by dilatation and sharp curettage (D&C). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 1- Recommendation.
Dilatation and evacuation (D&E) and medical methods (mifepristone and misoprostol; misoprostol alone) are both recommended methods for abortion for gestations over 12 to 14 weeks. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 3- Recommendation.
The recommended method for medical abortion is mifepristone followed by misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
Where mifepristone is not available, the recommended method for medical abortion is misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
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Country recognized approval (mifepristone / mife-misoprostol)No data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
Chemists/pharmacists can help women avoid unintended pregnancy through provision of accurate contraceptive information, pregnancy tests, contraceptive methods and referral to safe abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.1.
Additional notesMedabon is registered in Thailand but it was not possible to determine the details of the registration due to language limitations. Mifepristone and/or combination mifepristone-misoprostol are not contained in the Thailand Essential Drug List 2012. A more recent Essential Drug List exists but could not be located. 02-Thailand-Medical-Council-Regulation-on-medical-termination-of-pregnancy.pdf#page=2 Related documents: |
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
Additional notesMisoprostol is not contained in the Thailand Essential Drug List 2012. A more recent Essential Drug List exists but could not be located. |
Where can abortion services be providedRelated documents:Primary health-care centresYes The limit of 12 weeks gestational period applies to clinics outside hospitals. There is no gestational limit set for abortions done in hospitals. Therefore, the gestational limit is specific to the site where the abortion is conducted. Termination of pregnancy pursuant to Criminal Code Articles 305(1) and (2) must be performed in the following medical premises: (1) A government hospital or government agency that provides overnight admission service to patients, or a medical infirmary that has beds for patients for overnight stay in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, these medical premises are allowed to perform appropriate therapeutic termination of pregnancy. (2) A medical clinic in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, is allowed to perform therapeutic termination of pregnancy where the gestational age is not over twelve weeks. Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesYes The limit of 12 weeks gestational period applies to clinics outside hospitals. There is no gestational limit set for abortions done in hospitals. Therefore, the gestational limit is specific to the site where the abortion is conducted. Termination of pregnancy pursuant to Criminal Code Articles 305(1) and (2) must be performed in the following medical premises: (1) A government hospital or government agency that provides overnight admission service to patients, or a medical infirmary that has beds for patients for overnight stay in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, these medical premises are allowed to perform appropriate therapeutic termination of pregnancy. (2) A medical clinic in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, is allowed to perform therapeutic termination of pregnancy where the gestational age is not over twelve weeks. Specialized abortion care public facilitiesNot specified Private health-care centres or clinicsNot specified NGO health-care centres or clinicsNot specified WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion services should be available at primary-care level, with referral systems in place for all required higher-level care. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6- Recommendation.
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National guidelines for post-abortion careYes, guidelines issued by the government Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Where can post abortion care services be providedPrimary health-care centresNo data found The Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesNo data found The Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. Specialized abortion care public facilitiesNo data found The Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. Private health-care centres or clinicsNo data found The Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. NGO health-care centres or clinicsNo data found The Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The facilities and skills required to manage most abortion complications are similar to those needed to care for women who have had a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Safe Abortion Guidelines § 2.2.6.
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Contraception included in post-abortion careNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. All women should receive contraceptive information and be offered counselling for and methods of post-abortion contraception, including emergency contraception, before leaving the health-care facility. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.3.
Additional notesThe Clinical Practice Handbook for Safe Abortion Care 2015 is relevant to these issues but could not be reflected here due to inability to translate the text. Related documents: |
No data
Insurance to offset end user costsNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Financing of abortion services should take into account costs to the health system while ensuring that services are affordable and readily available to all women who need them. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6 - Recommendation. Abortion services should be mandated for coverage under insurance plans; women should never be denied or delayed because of the inability to pay. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.6.2.
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Who can provide abortion servicesRelated documents:NurseNot specified Midwife/nurse-midwifeNot specified Doctor (specialty not specified)Yes Specialist doctor, including OB/GYNNot specified Other (if applicable)The physician who performs the therapeutic termination of pregnancy according to this regulation shall be the medical practitioner under the law. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Subject to gestational age and method, abortion care can be safely provided by any properly trained health-care provider, including specialist doctors, non-specialist doctors; associate and advanced associate clinicians; midwives; and nurses. Health Worker Roles in Safe Abortion Care, p 33- Recommendation.
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Extra facility/provider requirements for delivery of abortion servicesReferral linkages to a higher-level facilityNot specified Availability of a specialist doctor, including OB/GYNNot specified Minimum number of bedsNot specified Other (if applicable)The therapeutic termination of pregnancy must be performed in the following medical premises(1) A government hospital or government agency that provides overnight admission service to patients, or a medical infirmary that has beds for patients for overnight stay in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, these medical premises are allowed to perform appropriate therapeutic termination of pregnancy.(2) A medical clinic in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, is allowed to perform therapeutic termination of pregnancy where the gestational age is not over twelve weeks The limit of 12 weeks gestational period applies to clinics outside hospitals. There is no gestational limit set for abortions done in hospitals. Therefore, the gestational limit is specific to the site where the abortion is conducted. Termination of pregnancy pursuant to Criminal Code Articles 305(1) and (2) must be performed in the following medical premises: (1) A government hospital or government agency that provides overnight admission service to patients, or a medical infirmary that has beds for patients for overnight stay in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, these medical premises are allowed to perform appropriate therapeutic termination of pregnancy. (2) A medical clinic in accordance with the Medical Premise Act, is allowed to perform therapeutic termination of pregnancy where the gestational age is not over twelve weeks. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion facilities within both the public and private sectors should be available at all levels of the health system, with appropriate referral mechanisms between facilities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.
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| Country | Public sector providers |
Private sector providers |
Provider type not specified |
Neither Type of Provider Permitted |
Public facilities |
Private facilities |
Facility type not specified |
Neither Type of Facility Permitted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
Public sector providersNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Private sector providersNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Provider type not specifiedNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Neither Type of Provider PermittedNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Public facilitiesNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Private facilitiesNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Facility type not specifiedNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Neither Type of Facility PermittedNo data foundWhere there is evidence of the existence of a source document that could not be accessed, including those that could not be translated for any reason, this information is provided in an accompanying note. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesA Declaration on Patients’ Rights exists but could not be reflected here due to language limitations. Related documents: |
Concluding Observations issued by respective treaty bodies and selected extracts related to abortion.
| Country | CAT |
CEDAW |
CERD |
CESCR |
CRC |
CRPD |
HRC |
IE HAIT |
SR HEALTH |
SR TORTURE |
SR VAW |
WG-DWLP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
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CEDAW“The Committee is concerned about the lack or insufficient use of contraceptives, which leads to unsafe abortions. It is also concerned that women continue to bear the primary responsibility for family planning, as exemplified by the low rates of condom use and male sterilization compared to female methods of contraception. The Committee recommends that the State party strengthen the implementation of programmes and policies aimed at providing effective access for women to contraceptives and health-care information and services with the aim of avoiding the need for women to resort to illegal abortions. The Committee urges the State party to implement programmes of sexual and reproductive health education for women, men and adolescents in order to foster responsible sexual behaviour, and to increase its efforts to promote male contraception.”
"The Committee commends the measures taken by the State party to improve women’s access to healthcare services, such as the universal health coverage scheme, which have led to longer life expectancy, reduced rates of HIV infection, and the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. Nevertheless, it remains concerned about reports of high rates of maternal mortality in the Southern Border Provinces and among ethnic minority groups, as well as of women with disabilities being subjected to forced sterilization and abortion. [...] The Committee recommends that the State party strengthen measures to reduce maternal mortality, particularly among ethnic minority groups and in the Southern Border Provinces, including by ensuring the availability and accessibility of adequate sexual and reproductive health services, such as antenatal, delivery and postnatal services. It also recommends that the State party take specific measures to protect women with disabilities from forced sterilization and abortion and ensure that the right to free, prior and informed consent to such intervention is upheld, and that supported decision-making mechanisms are provided."
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CESCR"The Committee is concerned that the rate of teenage pregnancies and unsafe abortions is relatively high and adolescents have limited access to sexual and reproductive health education and services (art. 12).
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CRC“(...) Furthermore, the Committee is seriously concerned that teenage pregnancy is a growing problem, which also leads to increasing numbers of illegal abortions. The Committee recommends that the State party (a) Take all necessary measures to educate children, adolescents and their families from different communities about HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases; (b) Extend essential health and social services to the most marginalized children and families and combat vigorously any forms of stigmatization and discrimination; (c) Intensify its efforts to raise awareness of the negative consequences of early pregnancy and abortions. (d) Strengthen its adolescent reproductive health programmes, including life skills education; (e) Ensure comprehensive health services, confidential counselling and support for pregnant girls and accelerate the adoption of the Draft Reproductive Health Act.”
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CRPD"The Committee is concerned that persons with disabilities, including women, girls and boys with disabilities, continue to be subjected to involuntary medical treatment, including forced sterilization and abortion.
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Country specific information regarding abortion related penalties. Information regarding penalties has been presented in English only; this information is not based on an official translation. Please review the source documents provided.
| Country | Penalties deconstructed |
Penalties for woman |
Penalties for provider |
Penalties for person who assists |
Secondary additional considerations/judicial discretion |
Penalties for non-consensual abortion and or negligence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand |
Penalties deconstructedLegal grounds specified; penalties for all other abortions |
PenaltiesSection 301. Any woman who causes herself to miscarriage or allows another person to perform a miscarriage, and where beyond twelve weeks, shall be liable to imprisonment for not more than six months or a fine not exceeding ten thousand baht or both. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. International, regional and national human rights bodies and courts increasingly recommend decriminalization of abortion, and provision of abortion care, to protect a woman’s life and health, and in cases of rape, based on a woman’s complaint. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 97.
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PenaltiesSection 302. Whoever procures abortion for a woman with her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding five years or fine not exceeding ten thousand baht, or both. If such act causes other grievous bodily harm to the woman also, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding seven years or fine not exceeding fourteen thousand baht, or both. If such act causes death to the woman, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding ten years and fine not exceeding twenty thousand baht. Section 303. Whoever procures abortion for a woman without her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding seven years or fine not exceeding fourteen thousand baht, or both. If such act causes other grievous bodily harm to the woman also, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of one to ten years and fine of two thousand to twenty thousand baht. If such act causes death to the woman, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of five to twenty years and fine of ten thousand to forty thousand baht. Section 304. Whoever attempts to commit the offence according to Section 301 or 302, first paragraph, shall not be punished. Section 305. If the commission of an offense under section 301 or section 302 is of a medical practitioner and in accordance with the criteria of the Medical Council in the following cases: no offense (1) it is necessary to act. This is because if the woman continues to become pregnant, there is a risk of harm for the physical or mental health of the woman. (2) it is necessary to act. This is done because there are substantial risks or medical reasons. It should be believed that if the baby is born there will be abnormalities to the extent of serious disability. (3) a woman confirms to a medical practitioner that she is pregnant due to an offense about sex(. (4) a woman whose gestational age is not more than twelve weeks confirms the termination of the pregnancy. (5) a woman whose gestational age exceeds twelve weeks; but not more than twenty weeks insist on termination of pregnancy. After the examination and acceptance alternative counseling from medical practitioners and other practitioners in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by the Minister of Public Health in accordance with the instructions of the Medical Council and related agencies under the law on prevention and resolution of pregnancy problems in adolescence. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. International, regional and national human rights bodies and courts increasingly recommend decriminalization of abortion, and provision of abortion care, to protect a woman’s life and health, and in cases of rape, based on a woman’s complaint. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 97.
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PenaltiesSection 302. Whoever procures abortion for a woman with her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding five years or fine not exceeding ten thousand baht, or both. If such act causes other grievous bodily harm to the woman also, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding seven years or fine not exceeding fourteen thousand baht, or both. If such act causes death to the woman, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding ten years and fine not exceeding twenty thousand baht. Section 303. Whoever procures abortion for a woman without her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding seven years or fine not exceeding fourteen thousand baht, or both. If such act causes other grievous bodily harm to the woman also, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of one to ten years and fine of two thousand to twenty thousand baht. If such act causes death to the woman, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of five to twenty years and fine of ten thousand to forty thousand baht. Section 304. Whoever attempts to commit the offence according to Section 301 or 302, first paragraph, shall not be punished. Section 305. If the commission of an offense under section 301 or section 302 is of a medical practitioner and in accordance with the criteria of the Medical Council in the following cases: no offense (1) it is necessary to act. This is because if the woman continues to become pregnant, there is a risk of harm for the physical or mental health of the woman. (2) it is necessary to act. This is done because there are substantial risks or medical reasons. It should be believed that if the baby is born there will be abnormalities to the extent of serious disability. (3) a woman confirms to a medical practitioner that she is pregnant due to an offense about sex(. (4) a woman whose gestational age is not more than twelve weeks confirms the termination of the pregnancy. (5) a woman whose gestational age exceeds twelve weeks; but not more than twenty weeks insist on termination of pregnancy. After the examination and acceptance alternative counseling from medical practitioners and other practitioners in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by the Minister of Public Health in accordance with the instructions of the Medical Council and related agencies under the law on prevention and resolution of pregnancy problems in adolescence. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. International, regional and national human rights bodies and courts increasingly recommend decriminalization of abortion, and provision of abortion care, to protect a woman’s life and health, and in cases of rape, based on a woman’s complaint. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 97.
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PenaltiesNone found |
PenaltiesSection 303. Whoever procures abortion for a woman without her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding seven years or fine not exceeding fourteen thousand baht, or both. If such act causes other grievous bodily harm to the woman also, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of one to ten years and fine of two thousand to twenty thousand baht. If such act causes death to the woman, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of five to twenty years and fine of ten thousand to forty thousand baht. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. International, regional and national human rights bodies and courts increasingly recommend decriminalization of abortion, and provision of abortion care, to protect a woman’s life and health, and in cases of rape, based on a woman’s complaint. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 97.
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