Global Abortion Policies Database
A tool to expand knowledge, encourage transparency, and promote accountability.
None
| Country or Region | |
|---|---|
Canada |
Yes
Read more On requestYes Gestational limit appliesRestriction Varies By Jurisdiction WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. This legal ground recognizes a woman’s free choice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.6.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Alberta (Canada) |
Gestational limit: 20 weeks
Read more On requestYes WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. This legal ground recognizes a woman’s free choice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.6.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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| Country | Economic or social reasons |
Foetal impairment |
Rape |
Incest |
Intellectual or cognitive disability of the woman |
Mental health |
Physical health |
Health |
Life |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada |
Economic or social reasonsNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.5.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Foetal impairmentNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information; health protection or social reasons can be interpreted to include distress of the pregnant woman caused by the diagnosis of fetal impairment. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
RapeNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
IncestNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Intellectual or cognitive disability of the womanNot applicable Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Mental healthNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The scope of mental health includes psychological distress or mental suffering caused by, for example, coerced or forced sexual acts and diagnosis of severe fetal impairment. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Physical healthNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Physical health is widely understood to include conditions that aggravate pregnancy and those aggravated by pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
HealthNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The fulfillment of human rights requires that women can access safe abortion when it is indicated to protect their health. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
LifeNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The human right to life requires protection by law, including when pregnancy is life-threatening or a pregnant woman’s life is otherwise endangered. Both medical and social conditions can constitute life-threatening conditions. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.1.
Additional notesThere are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Related documents: |
Other |
Alberta (Canada) |
Economic or social reasonsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.5.
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Foetal impairmentYes Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information; health protection or social reasons can be interpreted to include distress of the pregnant woman caused by the diagnosis of fetal impairment. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
Additional notesThe Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy specifies a “Fetal Anomaly Criterion” for pregnancies “where there is reliable evidence of a serious congenital or genetic disorder that is expected to interfere in a substantive way with the quality of life of the born individual, or there is a significant risk of having a serious disorder for which precise prenatal diagnosis is not available.” |
RapeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
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IncestNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The protection of women from cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires that those who have become pregnant as the result of coerced or forced sexual acts can lawfully access safe abortion services. Prompt, safe abortion services should be provided on the basis of a woman’s complaint rather than requiring forensic evidence or police examination. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.3.
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Intellectual or cognitive disability of the womanNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. |
Gestational limit
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The scope of mental health includes psychological distress or mental suffering caused by, for example, coerced or forced sexual acts and diagnosis of severe fetal impairment. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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Physical healthNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Physical health is widely understood to include conditions that aggravate pregnancy and those aggravated by pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
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Gestational limit
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The fulfillment of human rights requires that women can access safe abortion when it is indicated to protect their health. WHO defines health for member states as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.2.
Laws or policies that impose time limits on the length of pregnancy may have negative consequences for women, including forcing them to seek clandestine abortions and suffer social inequities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.7.
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LifeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The human right to life requires protection by law, including when pregnancy is life-threatening or a pregnant woman’s life is otherwise endangered. Both medical and social conditions can constitute life-threatening conditions. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.1.
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OtherProfound foetal abnormality criterion: Where there is reliable evidence of a foetal anomaly or abnormalities, or there is a maternal condition or pregnancy complication such as severe pre-term intrauterine growth restriction, or pre-term premature rupture of membranes at pre-viable gestation, that severely impacts the foetus such that the foetus has a low probability of intact foetal survival, or is expected to progress to foetal or infant death; and/or long-term major pain and suffering; and/or severe permanent cognitive and/or physical disability. Foetal reduction criterion: Where multiple pregnancies have been diagnosed and it has been determined that foetal reduction will significantly decrease the likelihood of maternal perinatal mortality/morbidity or in circumstances of multiple pregnancy, where one or more of the criteria listed in the Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy are met for one or more but not all the foetuses. Related documents:Additional notesThere is no gestational limit in case of the “profound fetal abnormality” criterion and the “fetal reduction” criterion. |
| Country | Authorization of health professional(s) |
Authorization in specially licensed facilities only |
Judicial authorization for minors |
Judicial authorization in cases of rape |
Police report required in case of rape |
Parental consent required for minors |
Spousal consent |
Ultrasound images or listen to foetal heartbeat required |
Compulsory counselling |
Compulsory waiting period |
Mandatory HIV screening test |
Other mandatory STI screening tests |
Prohibition of sex-selective abortion |
Restrictions on information provided to the public |
Restrictions on methods to detect sex of the foetus |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada |
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by hospital authorities may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
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Authorization in specially licensed facilities onlyNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Restrictions on the range of providers or facilities that are authorized to provide abortion reduce the availability of services and their equitable geographic distribution. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.4.
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Judicial authorization for minorsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.
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Judicial authorization in cases of rapeNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Police report required in case of rapeNot applicable WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Parental consent required for minorsVaries by jurisdictionWhere policies or laws vary by jurisdiction, this is noted with an accompanying note and no interpretation is made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by parents may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
Additional notesThe Induced Abortion Guidelines (2006) of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada state: “If a minor presents for abortion accompanied by a parent, it is important to ensure the youth was not coerced and the decision is voluntary. In Canadian common law and in some provinces “age of consent” follows the “mature minor” rule: the legal right to make health care decisions depends on decision-making ability rather than age; in other provinces the age of consent is consistent with the age of majority.6 The key element is the minor’s competence and capacity to understand the consequences of the procedure and the potential for complications, not her chronological age. In provinces that have not adopted the mature minor rule, health care providers can treat minors when appropriate without parental involvement, as common law invariably overrides local legislation. However, there should be documentation that the health care provider discussed the importance of involving parents in health decisions, and there must also be a reasonable impression that the intervention is in the best interests of the minor. It is imperative that health care providers be aware of the laws of the province in which they work.” The Guidelines can be accessed at http://sogc.org/guidelines/induced-abortion-guidelines/
In British Columbia, for instance, there is no minimum age of consent to medical treatment. If specific conditions are met, it is not necessary to obtain consent from the infant’s parent or guardian. The conditions are that the health care provider providing the health care: a) Has explained to the infant and has been satisfied that the infant understands the nature and consequences and the reasonably foreseeable benefits and risks of the health care; and, b) Has made reasonable efforts to determine and has concluded that the health care is in the infant’s best interests. |
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by a spouse may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
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Ultrasound images or listen to foetal heartbeat requiredNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Regulatory, policy and programmatic barriers, one example of which is the requirement for mandatory ultrasound prior to abortion, that hinder access to and timely provision of safe abortion care should be removed. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 7 - Recommendation.
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Compulsory counsellingNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Many women have made a decision to have an abortion before seeking care, and this decision should be respected without subjecting a woman to mandatory counselling. Provision of counselling to women who desire it should be voluntary, confidential, non-directive and by a trained person. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.1.8.1.
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Compulsory waiting periodNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should consider eliminating waiting periods that are not medically required, and expanding services to serve all eligible women promptly. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.6.
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Mandatory HIV screening testNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Other mandatory STI screening testsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Prohibition of sex-selective abortionNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. In situations where abortion is restricted for sex selection purposes, terminating a pregnancy for this reason is likely to involve an unsafe procedure carrying high risks. Any policies or guidelines on the use of technology in obstetric and fetal medicine should take into account the need to ensure women’s access to safe abortion and other services - efforts to manage or limit sex selection should also not hamper or limit access to safe abortion services. Preventing gender-biased sex selection: an interagency statement, p 10 - Recommendation.
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No data
Restrictions on information provided to the publicNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should refrain from limiting access to means of maintaining sexual and reproductive health, including censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting health-related information. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.7.
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No data
Restrictions on methods to detect sex of the foetusNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
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Other |
Alberta (Canada) |
Authorization of health professional(s)No Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by hospital authorities may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
Additional notesThe documented opinion of a second physician is required to confirm only for abortions falling under one of the criteria for abortion after 20 completed weeks is present. The second physician must be from a site designated by Alberta Health Services to provide termination of pregnancy services at greater than 20 completed weeks gestation. If feasible, the consultation should be with a maternal foetal medicine specialist, neonatologist, or other specialist with expertise relevant to the health risk in question. The specialist could be a general obstetrician with expertise managing the type of pregnancy complications at issue. |
Authorization in specially licensed facilities onlyNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Restrictions on the range of providers or facilities that are authorized to provide abortion reduce the availability of services and their equitable geographic distribution. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.4.
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Judicial authorization for minorsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.
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Judicial authorization in cases of rapeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Police report required in case of rapeNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Laws, policies and practices that restrict access to abortion information and services can deter women from care seeking and create a “chilling effect” (suppression of actions because of fear of reprisals or penalties) for the provision of safe, legal services. Examples of barriers include: requiring third-party authorization from one or more medical professionals or a hospital committee, court or police, parent or guardian or a woman’s partner or spouse. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2
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Parental consent required for minorsNo WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by parents may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
Additional notesHealth practitioners shall conduct an assessment of the minor’s capacity to consent without the input of his or her legal representative(s). A patient under the age of 18 is presumed to be a minor patient without the capacity to consent unless assessed and determined to be a mature minor with the capacity to consent. In the case of a minor without capacity to consent, the decision is taken by the legal representative who is a guardian or a nearest relative. Related documents: |
Spousal consentNo WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Third-party authorization should not be required for women to obtain abortion services. The requirement for authorization by a spouse may violate the right to privacy and women’s access to health care on the basis of equality of men and women. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.2.
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Ultrasound images or listen to foetal heartbeat requiredNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Regulatory, policy and programmatic barriers, one example of which is the requirement for mandatory ultrasound prior to abortion, that hinder access to and timely provision of safe abortion care should be removed. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 7 - Recommendation.
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Compulsory counsellingNo Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Many women have made a decision to have an abortion before seeking care, and this decision should be respected without subjecting a woman to mandatory counselling. Provision of counselling to women who desire it should be voluntary, confidential, non-directive and by a trained person. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.1.8.1.
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Compulsory waiting periodNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should consider eliminating waiting periods that are not medically required, and expanding services to serve all eligible women promptly. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.6.
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Mandatory HIV screening testNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Other mandatory STI screening testsNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Requirements for HIV and other tests that are not clinically indicated are potential service-delivery barriers. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p 88.
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Prohibition of sex-selective abortionNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. In situations where abortion is restricted for sex selection purposes, terminating a pregnancy for this reason is likely to involve an unsafe procedure carrying high risks. Any policies or guidelines on the use of technology in obstetric and fetal medicine should take into account the need to ensure women’s access to safe abortion and other services - efforts to manage or limit sex selection should also not hamper or limit access to safe abortion services. Preventing gender-biased sex selection: an interagency statement, p 10 - Recommendation.
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Restrictions on information provided to the publicNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. States should refrain from limiting access to means of maintaining sexual and reproductive health, including censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting health-related information. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.7.
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No data
Restrictions on methods to detect sex of the foetusNo data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. A woman is entitled to know the status of her pregnancy and to act on this information. Prenatal tests and other medical diagnostic services cannot legally be refused because the woman may decide to terminate her pregnancy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.1.4.
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Other |
| Country | National guidelines for induced abortion |
Methods allowed |
Country recognized approval (mifepristone / mife-misoprostol) |
Country recognized approval (misoprostol) |
Where can abortion services be provided |
National guidelines for post-abortion care |
Where can post abortion care services be provided |
Contraception included in post-abortion care |
Insurance to offset end user costs |
Who can provide abortion services |
Extra facility/provider requirements for delivery of abortion services |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada |
National guidelines for induced abortionVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Methods allowedVacuum aspirationVaries by province Dilatation and evacuationVaries by province Combination mifepristone-misoprostolYes (63 DAYS) Misoprostol onlyVaries by province Other (where provided)WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Vacuum aspiration is the recommended technique of surgical abortion for pregnancies of up to 12 to 14 weeks of gestation. The procedure should not be routinely completed by dilatation and sharp curettage (D&C). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 1- Recommendation.
Dilatation and evacuation (D&E) and medical methods (mifepristone and misoprostol; misoprostol alone) are both recommended methods for abortion for gestations over 12 to 14 weeks. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 3- Recommendation.
The recommended method for medical abortion is mifepristone followed by misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
Where mifepristone is not available, the recommended method for medical abortion is misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
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Country recognized approval (mifepristone / mife-misoprostol)Yes Pharmacy selling or distributionYes, with prescription only WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
Chemists/pharmacists can help women avoid unintended pregnancy through provision of accurate contraceptive information, pregnancy tests, contraceptive methods and referral to safe abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.1.
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No data
Country recognized approval (misoprostol)No data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
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Where can abortion services be providedPrimary health-care centresVaries by province Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesVaries by province Specialized abortion care public facilitiesVaries by province Private health-care centres or clinicsVaries by province NGO health-care centres or clinicsVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion services should be available at primary-care level, with referral systems in place for all required higher-level care. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6- Recommendation.
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National guidelines for post-abortion careVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Where can post abortion care services be providedPrimary health-care centresVaries by province Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesVaries by province Specialized abortion care public facilitiesVaries by province Private health-care centres or clinicsVaries by province NGO health-care centres or clinicsVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The facilities and skills required to manage most abortion complications are similar to those needed to care for women who have had a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Safe Abortion Guidelines § 2.2.6.
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Contraception included in post-abortion careVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. All women should receive contraceptive information and be offered counselling for and methods of post-abortion contraception, including emergency contraception, before leaving the health-care facility. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.3.
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Insurance to offset end user costsYes Related documents:Induced abortion for all womenYes There are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no gestational limit. Abortion services form part of medically required health services provision and are regulated as such. The Canada Health Act outlines coverage for abortion services. Access however in practice varies depending on the availability of public facilities, and gestational limits vary at province level. As the Ministry of Health states in its Annual Report on the Health Act for2014-2015 (Source 7, see Chapter 2, page 13): “During 2014–2015, Health Canada continued to monitor the following ongoing compliance and interpretation issues: Abortion services are insured in all provinces and territories; however, access to these insured services varies within and between jurisdictions across the country. In Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, the services are only covered if performed in a hospital (for example, private clinic procedures are not covered). In addition, Prince Edward Island lacks abortion services on the island and residents must travel off the island to access them. In New Brunswick, access has improved because certification of medical necessity by two physicians, and performance of the service by a specialist in gynecology or obstetrics in a hospital are no longer required. Prince Edward Island service has improved because the province has eliminated the need for a referral from an Island doctor and now allows women to self-refer to a Moncton, New Brunswick, hospital. However, accessibility and comprehensiveness concerns remain because neither province covers private clinic abortions under their respective provincial health insurance plans.” Induced abortion for poor women onlyNo Abortion complicationsNot specified Private health coverageYes Other (if applicable)
WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Financing of abortion services should take into account costs to the health system while ensuring that services are affordable and readily available to all women who need them. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6 - Recommendation. Abortion services should be mandated for coverage under insurance plans; women should never be denied or delayed because of the inability to pay. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.6.2.
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Who can provide abortion servicesNurseVaries by province Midwife/nurse-midwifeVaries by province Doctor (specialty not specified)Varies by province Specialist doctor, including OB/GYNVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Subject to gestational age and method, abortion care can be safely provided by any properly trained health-care provider, including specialist doctors, non-specialist doctors; associate and advanced associate clinicians; midwives; and nurses. Health Worker Roles in Safe Abortion Care, p 33- Recommendation.
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Extra facility/provider requirements for delivery of abortion servicesReferral linkages to a higher-level facilityVaries by province Availability of a specialist doctor, including OB/GYNVaries by province Minimum number of bedsVaries by province Other (if applicable)WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion facilities within both the public and private sectors should be available at all levels of the health system, with appropriate referral mechanisms between facilities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.
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Alberta (Canada) |
National guidelines for induced abortionYes, guidelines issued by the government Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Methods allowedVacuum aspirationYes According to the Termination of Pregnancy Standards and Guidelines of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta dilation and suction evacuation can be provided up to 15 completed. They can be accessed at: http://cpsa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NHSF_-_Termination_of_Pregnancy.pdf Dilatation and evacuationYes According to the Termination of Pregnancy Standards and Guidelines of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta dilation and evacuation can be provided up to 20 weeks, zero days. They can be accessed at: http://cpsa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NHSF_-_Termination_of_Pregnancy.pdf Combination mifepristone-misoprostolYes The Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy refers to “medical termination of pregnancy” as termination of pregnancy “achieved through the use of oral, vaginal, or intravenous medications to initiate uterine activity/labour and vaginal delivery, under the guidance or direction of a physician” without specifying the medications to be used. Misoprostol onlyNot specified The Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy refers to “medical termination of pregnancy” as termination of pregnancy “achieved through the use of oral, vaginal, or intravenous medications to initiate uterine activity/labour and vaginal delivery, under the guidance or direction of a physician” without specifying the medications to be used. Other (where provided)Dilation and curettage WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Vacuum aspiration is the recommended technique of surgical abortion for pregnancies of up to 12 to 14 weeks of gestation. The procedure should not be routinely completed by dilatation and sharp curettage (D&C). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 1- Recommendation.
Dilatation and evacuation (D&E) and medical methods (mifepristone and misoprostol; misoprostol alone) are both recommended methods for abortion for gestations over 12 to 14 weeks. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 3- Recommendation.
The recommended method for medical abortion is mifepristone followed by misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
Where mifepristone is not available, the recommended method for medical abortion is misoprostol (regimen differs by gestational age). Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 2- Recommendation.
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Country recognized approval (mifepristone / mife-misoprostol)Yes Pharmacy selling or distributionYes, with prescription only WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
Chemists/pharmacists can help women avoid unintended pregnancy through provision of accurate contraceptive information, pregnancy tests, contraceptive methods and referral to safe abortion services. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.1.
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No data
Country recognized approval (misoprostol)No data found WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion is included on the WHO model list of essential medicines. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.2.5
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Where can abortion services be provided11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=3 Primary health-care centresNot specified Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesYes 11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=3 Specialized abortion care public facilitiesNot specified Private health-care centres or clinicsNot specified NGO health-care centres or clinicsNot specified Other (if applicable)Termination of pregnancy planned after potential viability must take place in tertiary care hospitals. 11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=4 The Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy defines “potential viability” as pertaining to “a fetus of gestational age greater than or equal to 22 weeks and zero (0) days and which is likely to proceed to a live birth.” WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion services should be available at primary-care level, with referral systems in place for all required higher-level care. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6- Recommendation.
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National guidelines for post-abortion careYes, guidelines issued by the government Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Standards and guidelines should be developed and updated with the intent of eliminating barriers to obtaining the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3. Standards and guidelines should cover: types of abortion service, where and by whom they can be provided; essential equipment, instruments, medications, supplies and facility capabilities; referral mechanisms; respect for women’s informed decision-making, autonomy, confidentiality and privacy. Safe Abortion Guidelines, p. 63.
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Where can post abortion care services be providedPrimary health-care centresNot specified Secondary (district-level) health-care facilitiesNot specified Specialized abortion care public facilitiesNot specified Private health-care centres or clinicsNot specified NGO health-care centres or clinicsNot specified WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The facilities and skills required to manage most abortion complications are similar to those needed to care for women who have had a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Safe Abortion Guidelines § 2.2.6.
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Contraception included in post-abortion careNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. All women should receive contraceptive information and be offered counselling for and methods of post-abortion contraception, including emergency contraception, before leaving the health-care facility. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 2.3.
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Insurance to offset end user costsYes Induced abortion for all womenYes Abortion by suction curettage, dilation and curettage or dilatation and evacuation where imaging report confirms the foetus is 12 weeks size may only be claimed when performed in an active treatment hospital or by a physician approved to perform the procedure by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta when performed in an accredited non-hospital surgical facility. Induced abortion for poor women onlyNo Abortion complicationsNot specified Private health coverageNot specified Other (if applicable)Terminations of pregnancy at gestational ages of 20 completed weeks must only be performed in an acute care hospital and by a physician who has the appropriate privileges to terminate the pregnancy. 11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=4 WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Financing of abortion services should take into account costs to the health system while ensuring that services are affordable and readily available to all women who need them. Safe Abortion Guidelines, Executive Summary, Box 6 - Recommendation. Abortion services should be mandated for coverage under insurance plans; women should never be denied or delayed because of the inability to pay. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.6.2.
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Who can provide abortion services11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=3 NurseNot specified Midwife/nurse-midwifeNot specified Doctor (specialty not specified)Not specified Specialist doctor, including OB/GYNNot specified WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Subject to gestational age and method, abortion care can be safely provided by any properly trained health-care provider, including specialist doctors, non-specialist doctors; associate and advanced associate clinicians; midwives; and nurses. Health Worker Roles in Safe Abortion Care, p 33- Recommendation.
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Extra facility/provider requirements for delivery of abortion servicesReferral linkages to a higher-level facilityNot specified Availability of a specialist doctor, including OB/GYNNot specified Minimum number of bedsNot specified Other (if applicable)For hospitals and accredited non-hospital surgical facilities under the jurisdiction of Alberta Health Services, only physicians who have appropriate privileges shall perform termination of pregnancy. Facilities providing terminations of pregnancy must have appropriate resources and supports to address potential complications. 11-Canada-Alberta-Termination-of-Pregnancy-Policy-2017-pdf#page=3 The Termination of Pregnancy Standards and Guidelines of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta state: « Abortion procedure privileges shall be limited to gestational ages for which a qualified preceptor attests that the applicant is competent to perform.” They can be accessed at: http://cpsa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NHSF_-_Termination_of_Pregnancy.pdf WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Abortion facilities within both the public and private sectors should be available at all levels of the health system, with appropriate referral mechanisms between facilities. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 3.3.1.
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| Country | Public sector providers |
Private sector providers |
Provider type not specified |
Neither Type of Provider Permitted |
Public facilities |
Private facilities |
Facility type not specified |
Neither Type of Facility Permitted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada |
Public sector providersVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Private sector providersVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Provider type not specifiedVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Neither Type of Provider PermittedVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Public facilitiesVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Private facilitiesVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Facility type not specifiedVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Neither Type of Facility PermittedVaries by province WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Alberta (Canada) |
Public sector providersRelated documents:Individual health-care providers who have objected are required to refer the woman to another providerNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesThe Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy states: “Alberta Health Services acknowledges that its health care providers may conscientiously object to pregnancy termination and therefore may wish not to participate in the direct performance of the termination process.” No health professional who provides direct patient care is compelled to participate in pregnancy termination procedures if he or she has a conscientious objection to doing so. This exclusion does not apply to necessary participation in the care of patients suffering emergent post-procedure maternal complications. Related documents: |
Private sector providersRelated documents:Individual health-care providers who have objected are required to refer the woman to another providerNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesThe Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy states: “Alberta Health Services acknowledges that its health care providers may conscientiously object to pregnancy termination and therefore may wish not to participate in the direct performance of the termination process.” No health professional who provides direct patient care is compelled to participate in pregnancy termination procedures if he or she has a conscientious objection to doing so. This exclusion does not apply to necessary participation in the care of patients suffering emergent post-procedure maternal complications. Related documents: |
Provider type not specifiedYes Related documents:Individual health-care providers who have objected are required to refer the woman to another providerNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesThe Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy states: “Alberta Health Services acknowledges that its health care providers may conscientiously object to pregnancy termination and therefore may wish not to participate in the direct performance of the termination process.” No health professional who provides direct patient care is compelled to participate in pregnancy termination procedures if he or she has a conscientious objection to doing so. This exclusion does not apply to necessary participation in the care of patients suffering emergent post-procedure maternal complications. Related documents: |
Neither Type of Provider PermittedRelated documents:Individual health-care providers who have objected are required to refer the woman to another providerNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. Health-care professionals who claim conscientious objection must refer the woman to another willing and trained provider in the same, or another easily accessible health-care facility. Where referral is not possible, the health-care professional who objects, must provide safe abortion to save the woman’s life, to prevent serious injury to her health and provide urgent care when women present with complications from an unsafe or illegal abortion. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
Additional notesThe Alberta Termination of Pregnancy Policy states: “Alberta Health Services acknowledges that its health care providers may conscientiously object to pregnancy termination and therefore may wish not to participate in the direct performance of the termination process.” No health professional who provides direct patient care is compelled to participate in pregnancy termination procedures if he or she has a conscientious objection to doing so. This exclusion does not apply to necessary participation in the care of patients suffering emergent post-procedure maternal complications. Related documents: |
Public facilitiesNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Private facilitiesNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Facility type not specifiedNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Neither Type of Facility PermittedNot specifiedWhen there is no explicit reference to an issue covered in the questionnaire in the relevant document(s), this is noted and no interpretation was made. Related documents:WHO GuidanceThe following descriptions and recommendations were extracted from WHO guidance on safe abortion. The respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights require that governments ensure abortion services, that are allowable by law, are accessible in practice. Safe Abortion Guidelines, § 4.2.2.5.
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Country specific information regarding abortion related penalties. Information regarding penalties has been presented in English only; this information is not based on an official translation. Please review the source documents provided.
| Country | Penalties deconstructed |
Penalties for woman |
Penalties for provider |
Penalties for person who assists |
Secondary additional considerations/judicial discretion |
Penalties for non-consensual abortion and or negligence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada |
Penalties deconstructedNo official source data found on the existence of penalties for abortion |
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Penalties |
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Source document: 
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